GATE 2024 Mechanical Engineering: Important basic concepts in Fluid Mechanics and machines (Mechanical Engineering) for GATE 2019 Part-2

This article (Part-2) gives important basic concepts in Fluid mechanics and fluid machines used in mechanical systems. This subject is very much important for GATE exam because future M. Tech or M. E specialization are based on the basics of this subject.

Neglecting the forces due to inertia, gravity and frictional resistance, the design of a channel can be made by comparing Froude’s number.
For smooth turbulent flow, the friction factor changes as N_r^1/4.
In order to avoid vaporization in the pipeline, the pipeline over the ridge is laid in such a way that it is not more than 6.4 m above the hydraulic gradient.
The continuity equation is applicable to the conservation of mass.
The rise or fall of head ‘h’ in a capillary tube of diameter’ and liquid surface tension ‘ σ‘ and specific weight ‘w’ is given by 4σ/wd.
McLeod gauge used for low-pressure measurement operates on the principle of Boyle’s law.
The mass density of the liquid (ρ ) is given by ρ = kg sec²/m⁴.
Running away speed of a Pelton wheel gives no load speed when governor mechanism fails.
A Kaplan turbine is low head axial flow turbine.
Vector difference of two velocities is relative velocity.
A ship whose hull length is 100 m is to travel at 10 m/sec. For dynamic similarity, at 2 m/sec velocity a 1:25 model be towed through water.
For stable equilibrium of floating body, its metacenter should lie above the center of gravity.
Center of pressure on an inclined plane lies below the centroid.
The line of action of the buoyant force always acts through the centroid of the displaced volume of the fluid.
An equipotential line is one that has no velocity component tangent to it.